Towards Sensing Information Systems

Recent advances in the field of pervasive computing, including the approaches and technologies related to Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) are changing the way we perceive computing capability. Although the scientific communities have already started to discuss about the visionary concepts that will exploit these advances, such as Sensing and Liquid Enterprise, the truly smart and interoperable CPS networks are still confined to the ‘valley of death’ - between prototyping and mass-production. In this position paper, we propose the concept of Sensing Information System, a novel paradigm that will facilitate the transformation of CPS to Cyber Physical Ecosystems - borderless technical environments in which the devices will become capable to sense, perceive, decide and act, based on the external, common behavioural and context models. A case study is used to demonstrating the use of Sensing Information Systems for extended clinical workflows

Očuvanje vitamina C, likopena i ugljenih hidrata u plodovima paradajza sušenim u tunelskom tipu sušara

The aim of this study was to find an optimal way of tomato drying in a tunnel type dryer, in order to achieve the lowest possible losses in nutritive value of dried tomato products. Domestic variety of tomato (SP-109) was used in this research. Drying was performed in three ways, applying five temperature regimes, as follows: cocurrent system (variant 1 at 70-80 oC; variant 2 at 90-75 oC), countercurrent system (variant 1 at 55-65 oC, variant 2 at 65-75 oC) and combined system (85-55 oC and 55-65 oC). In these systems, the kinetic of changes in nutritive value of tomato fruits was monitored by measuring the content of carbohydrates, lycopene and vitamin C. Different influences of temperature regimes on nutritive value of dried tomato were observed at the level of statistical difference (LSD 0.05; 0.01) in the researched systems. Cocurrent system was statistically significant for differences in temperature modes (variant 1 and variant 2). Monitoring of the tomato drying kinetics showed that, in all variants, period of constant drying rate lasted about 3.5 h and that the total drying was the fastest in parallel cocurrent flow of non-saturated hot air and material. The content of total carbohydrates in tomato was dependent on the temperature regime of the tested drying systems. The carbohydrate content obtained in tomato samples dried at lower temperatures was higher compared to the values observed in the samples dried at higher drying temperatures. Significant losses of vitamin C were determined in all drying systems. The lycopene content under all experimental conditions generally showed a tendency to decrease slightly. Comparing its content in dry and fresh tomato fruits, the loss ranged from 4.94% to 19.98% but did not reach the significant level as the occurrence remained below 95% of cases.Cilj ove studije bio je pronalaženje optimalnog načina sušenja paradajza u tunelskom tipu sušara kako bi se smanjili gubici vrednosti nutritijenata kod sušenog proizvoda paradajza. U ovom istraživanju korišćena je domaća sorta paradajza (SP-109). Istraživanje je izvedeno u tunelskom tipu sušara na tri načina u pet temperaturnih režima. Sušenje je izvedeno u sistemu paralelnog (varijanta 1 na 70-80 oC, varijanta 2 na 90-75 oC), suprotnosmernom (varijanta 1 na 55-65 oC, varijanta 2 na 65-75 oC) i kombinovanog sistema strujanja vazduha (85-55 oC i 55- 65 oC). U ovim sistemima sušenja praćena je kinetika promena nutritivnih vrednosti ploda paradajza: sadržaj ugljenih hidrata (%), likopena i askorbinske kiseline (vitamin C). Utvrđeni su različiti uticaji temperaturnih režima na nivou statističke razlike (LSD 0.05; 0.01) ispitivanih sistema za nutritivnu vrednost sušenog paradajza. Paralelni sistem je bio statistički značajan za razlike u varijanti temperature 1 i varijanti 2. Prateći kinetiku sušenja paradajza utvrđeno je da u svim varijantama period konstantnog sušenja traje oko 3,5 časa i da je za ukupno sušenje najbrži paralelni protok toplog vazduha i materijala. Sadržaj ugljenih hidrata u uzorcima paradajza koji su sušeni na nižim temperaturama bio je veći u poređenju sa sadržajem ugljenih hidrata koji je utvpđen u uzorcima osušenim na višim temperaturama sušenja. Na nižim temperaturama njihov sadržaj je bio veći nego kod viših temperatura sušenja. Značajni gubici vitamina C određeni su u svim sistemima sušenja. Vrednost likopena u svim eksperimentalnim uslovima sušenja pokazuje tendenciju blagog smanjenja. Poredeći sadržaj u suvim i svežim plodovima paradajza, gubitak je bio od 4,94% do 19,98%, ali ne na značajnom nivou

Preservation of vitamin C, lycopene and carbohydrate content in tomato dried in a tunnel type dryer

The aim of this study was to find an optimal way of tomato drying in a tunnel type dryer, in order to achieve the lowest possible losses in nutritive value of dried tomato products. Domestic variety of tomato (SP-109) was used in this research. Drying was performed in three ways, applying five temperature regimes, as follows: cocurrent system (variant 1 at 70-80 oC; variant 2 at 90-75 oC), countercurrent system (variant 1 at 55-65 oC, variant 2 at 65-75 oC) and combined system (85-55 oC and 55-65 oC). In these systems, the kinetic of changes in nutritive value of tomato fruits was monitored by measuring the content of carbohydrates, lycopene and vitamin C. Different influences of temperature regimes on nutritive value of dried tomato were observed at the level of statistical difference (LSD 0.05; 0.01) in the researched systems. Cocurrent system was statistically significant for differences in temperature modes (variant 1 and variant 2). Monitoring of the tomato drying kinetics showed that, in all variants, period of constant drying rate lasted about 3.5 h and that the total drying was the fastest in parallel cocurrent flow of non-saturated hot air and material. The content of total carbohydrates in tomato was dependent on the temperature regime of the tested drying systems. The carbohydrate content obtained in tomato samples dried at lower temperatures was higher compared to the values observed in the samples dried at higher drying temperatures. Significant losses of vitamin C were determined in all drying systems. The lycopene content under all experimental conditions generally showed a tendency to decrease slightly. Comparing its content in dry and fresh tomato fruits, the loss ranged from 4.94% to 19.98% but did not reach the significant level as the occurrence remained below 95% of cases

The effect of microbiological fertilizers on grain weight of beans

The effect of microbiological fertilizers on Serbian genotypes and on field in Serbia were studied using four microbiological fertilizers and three genotypes of Phaseolis vulgaris. The aim of the experiment was to decrease the costs of crop production and the environmental protection. Microbiological fertilizers originating from the Institute for Soil - Belgrade, the Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad and two strains are from the Agricultural Faculty in Novi Sad. The researched trait was the grain weight per plant. The analysis of variety and F test showed that there were no significant differences among tested microbiological fertilizers. However, further analysis and LSD test showed that only one fertilizer type, originating from the Agricultural Faculty in Novi Sad had significant effect compared with the control. The highest grain weight was obtained from Biser variety; it was followed by Galeb and Palanacka Rana varieties. There was a significant interaction between microbiological fertilizer and genotype. It was also concluded that cultivar Galeb had the best reaction on all the microbiological fertilizers and that Biser and Palanacka Rana varieties did not have significant effects

Gene effects on the number of fruits per flower branch in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

We performed the genetic analysis of 6 tomato hybrids originating from 6 inbred lines (D-150, S-49, S-35, H-52, Kg-z and SP-109). We produced their descendant generation F1, F2, BC1 and BC 2 In order to estimate the genetic effects, applied the additive-dominance model with three and six parameters. The epistatic effects were evaluated by using 6-parameter model (Mather and Jinks, 1982). There were significant differences between the mean values of the parents and their descendants concerning the number of fruits per flower branch. According to the results obtained from the investigated genetic parameters, the additive gene effects were prevailing for the feature of inheritance of the number of fruits per plant. We recorded the significant effects of these genes in all the investigated combinations. The estimated values of the epistatic gene effects additive x additive genes represented the only type of interallel interaction, which was found in the investigated crosses

Preparation of a support operation to civilian authorities in countering unarmed security threats

The changed role of the armed forces in contemporary conflicts and new tendencies in considering the issues of security and defense of the society have conditioned the fact that the importance of the environment in which these activities take place is paid considerably greater attention in comparison to all previous historical epochs. Unarmed security threats can cause serious harm to the community, and to the military organization, which is a part of the security system of the society. Unarmed security threats can emerge from the environment in which the community functions, so it is necessary to study the impact of the factors and dimensions of the environment on unarmed security threats. The impact of the dimensions of operational environment on unarmed security threats, which operate from that environment, becomes a topical issue. Systemic consideration of operational environment enables understanding of the general situation and it creates the necessary conditions for the preparation and implementation of a support operation to civilian authorities in countering unarmed security threats

Priprema operacije podrške civilnim vlastima u suprotstavljanju neoružanim pretnjama bezbednosti

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Possible applications of ferrate(VI) in the treatment of industrial wastewater effluent in the laboratory

This paper shows the effects of ferrate(VI) application in the treatment of industrial wastewater effluent in laboratory conditions. Samples used are a mixture of wastewater effluent from various industrial plants whose composition was determined by analyzing samples before the ferrate(VI) treatment. Determining physical-chemical characteristics of the samples showed very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the concentrations of individual pollutants are higher than the maximum allowed. In the tested samples, the COD was from 18 (sample 1) to 580 times (sample 2) greater than allowed (allowed 45 - 150 mg/l), while the concentrations of certain metals were several times higher than allowed (Cu allowed 0,1 mg/l, Zn allowed 0,2 mg/l). Also, a high concentration of total phosphorus content (allowed 2 mg/l) and fluoride was found (allowed 20 mg/l), 2-3 times higher than permissible. The applied Na2FeO4 was synthesized by electrochemical method and applied in situ. Physical-chemical testing of samples, after treatment with different amounts (2, 5, 8, and 10 ml) of Na2FeO4, concentration of 8 g/l showed that ferrate(VI) can be used as a multifunctional agent in the purification of industrial wastewater, where in the amount of contaminating matter is reduced below the maximum permitted level. It was demonstrated the high efficiency of ferrate(VI) as a strong oxidant in the removal of total P and suspended materials. Also pointed out was the high sorption power of the generated ferric(III)hydroxide, which with its developed surface absorbs 95,5% of the F- and removes it from the solution in the form of sludge. Showed a high efficiency of ferrate(VI) in the total removal of P (70 to 99,5%), and F- (89 to 95,5%), but depending on the presence of the total COD value or the presence of the total organic substances. At high values of the COD major part of ferrate(VI) is consumed in the oxidation of organic material and the formation of Fe(OH)3, which accelerate the process of decomposition of ferrate(VI), which contributes to lower the efficiency of the removal of P and F-. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 34025 i br. 31080

The influence of respiratory pattern on heart rate variability analysis in heart failure

Introduction. Autonomic dysfunction is present early in the course of heart failure, and has a direct role on deterioration of cardiac function and prognosis. Heart rate variability (HRV) estimates sympathovagal control of heart frequency. The influence of respiratory pattern on HRV is clinically important. Breathing disorders are common in heart failure and highly affect HRV and autonomic evaluation. It was previously shown that slow and deep breathing increased parasympathetic tone, but effects of this respiratory pattern on HRV were not evaluated. Objective. The aim of the study was to estimate effects of slow and deep breathing (SDB) on HRV in heart failure patients. Method. In 55 patients with heart failure (78% male, mean age 57.18±10.8 yrs, mean EF=34.12±10.01%) and 14 healthy controls (57.1% male, mean age 53.1±8.2 yrs), short term HRV spectral analysis was performed (Cardiovit AT 60, Schiller). VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF were determined during spontaneous and deep and slow breathing at 0.1 Hz (SDB). Results. LF, HF and LF/HF significantly increased during SDB compared with spontaneous breathing both in controls (LF 50.71±61.55 vs. 551.14±698.01 ms2, p<0.001; HF 31.42±29.98 vs.188.78±142.74 ms2, p<0.001 and LF/HF 1.46±0.61 vs. 4.21±3.23, p=0.025) and heart failure patients (LF 27.37±36.04 vs. 94.50±96.13 ms2, p<0.001; HF 12.13±19.75 vs. 41.58±64.02 ms2, p<0.001 and LF/HF 3.77±3.79 vs. 6.38±5.98, p=0.031). Increments of LF and HF induced by SDB were significantly lower in patients than healthy controls. Heart failure patients had lower HRV compared to healthy controls both during spontaneous breathing and SDB. During spontaneous breathing, only HF was significantly lower between healthy controls and patients (p=0.002). During SDB VLF (p=0.022), LF (p<0.001) and HF (p<0.001) were significantly lower in heart failure patients compared to controls. Conclusion. These data suggest that SDB increases HRV both in healthy and heart failure patients; the highest increment is in LF range. Differences in spectral profile of HRV between healthy controls and heart failure patients become more profound during SDB. Controlled respiration during HRV analysis might increase sensitivity and reliability in detection of autonomic dysfunction in heart failure patients.